These two terms are not synonymous, although they are used interchangeably in Brazil. Propaganda is the activity associated with the dissemination of ideas (political, religious, partisan, etc.) to influence behavior.
Above, you have three good examples of ideological propaganda posters. From left to right: the famous Uncle Sam, created to encourage young people to enlist in the US Army; image to “demonize” the Jews, spread throughout Germany by the Nazi regime; and a poster promoting Communist China’s military might.
In Brazil, a regular example of propaganda are political campaigns in the pre-election period.
Advertising, in essence, means making something public. With the industrial revolution, at the end of the 19th century, and the strengthening of capitalism, advertising gained a more commercial meaning, and became a communication tool to convince the public to consume a product, service or brand. Ads for selling cars, drinks or clothes are examples of advertising.
CONSULTANCY Cláudia Lúcia Trevisan, professor of the publicity and advertising course at the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas)