Pelvic inflammatory disease is the most common and serious consequence of infection by sexually transmitted diseases in women.
Sexually active women between the ages of 15 and 25 are most at risk for pelvic inflammatory disease. The disease can also occur, although less frequently, in people with monogamous sexual relations.
The most serious consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease are an increased risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
To understand pelvic inflammatory disease, it helps to know the basics of inflammation. Inflammation is the body’s response to disease-causing microorganisms (pathogens). The affected body part is swollen due to accumulation of fluid in the tissue or redness due to excessive accumulation of blood.
A discharge (pus) made up of white blood cells and dead tissue may appear. After inflammation, scar tissue forms thanks to the proliferation of fiber-producing cells (fibrosis).
Pelvic inflammatory disease can be used synonymously with the following terms:
• Salpingitis (inflammation that affects the fallopian tubes).
• Endometritis (inflammation of the internal mucosa of the body of the uterus).
• Tuboovarian abscesses (abscesses in the tubes and ovaries).
•Pelvic peritonitis (inflammation of the interior of the abdominal cavity that surrounds the female reproductive organs).
Several factors can affect the risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease:
• Age. The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease is very high in young women and decreases with age.
• Incidence. The incidence of the disease is eight to ten times higher among non-white women.
• Socioeconomic level. The higher incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease in women with low socioeconomic resources is due, in part, to a lack of information and access to medical care.
• Contraception. Induced abortion, the use of an IUD, the lack of use of contraceptive methods during the period, such as condoms, and vaginal douching are associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.
• Lifestyle. Risky behaviors, such as substance abuse drugs and alcohol, the early initiation of sexual relations, the number of sexual partners and the tobacco use are associated with an increased risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease.
• Types of sexual practices. Sexual intercourse during menstruation and frequent intercourse offer more possibilities for the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the uterus.
• Diseases. Between 60 and 75% of cases of pelvic inflammatory disease are associated with sexually transmitted diseases. A previous episode of pelvic inflammatory disease increases the chances of developing subsequent infections.
The two main sexually transmitted diseases are those caused by gonococcus and Chlamydia irachomatis. The main sign of gonococcal infection (gonorrhea) is a vaginal discharge of mucus and pus.
Sometimes bacteria from the colon that are normally found in the vaginal cavity travel upwards and infect the upper female genital organs. In most cases, Chlamydia infections cause mild symptoms.
Normally, the cervix produces mucus that acts as a barrier to prevent the spread of disease-causing microorganisms and prevent them from entering the uterus and moving up the tubes and ovaries. This barrier can be overcome in two ways. A sexually transmitted microorganism, usually a single germ, invades, disrupts, and penetrates mucosal cells.
Other ways microorganisms enter include trauma and disruption of the cervix. He spontaneous abortion or induced, and the use of intrauterine devices are situations that alter or weaken the normal cells of the mucosa, making them more susceptible to infection, generally by various microorganisms. During menstruation, the cervix widens and can allow microorganisms to enter the uterine cavity.
Recent evidence suggests that the bacterial vaginosis, a bacterial infection of the vagina, can be associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance between the normal microorganisms in the vagina due, for example, to excess irrigation. When the balance is disturbed, the growth of anaerobic bacteria is favored, which grow in the absence of free oxygen.
There is usually a significant flow. When in addition to anaerobic bacteria there is a disorder, such as menstruation, abortion, sexual intercourse or childbirth, these microorganisms can enter the upper genital organs.
The most common history of pelvic inflammatory disease is pelvic pain. However, many women with the disease have symptoms so mild that they go unnoticed.
In acute salpingitis, a common form of pelvic inflammatory disease, inflammation of the fallopian tubes causes pain on physical examination. There is usually a fever. The absceThese can occur in the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding pelvic cavity. The discharge may pass into the peritoneal cavity and cause peritonitis, or the abscesses may rupture, causing a life-threatening surgical emergency.
Chronic salpingitis can appear after an acute crisis. After inflammation, scars and adhesions occur, which cause chronic pain and irregular periods. Because of the obstruction of the tubes by scar tissue, women with chronic salpingitis are at high risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy. The fertilized egg is unable to travel down the fallopian tube to the uterus and implants itself in the fallopian tube, ovary, or peritoneal cavity. This disorder is also a surgical emergency capable of threatening the patient’s life.
The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) has been significantly associated with the development of pelvic inflammatory disease. Bacteria can be introduced into the uterine cavity during IUD insertion, or they can travel through the cord of the device through the cervix and into the uterus. The surrounding uterine tissue shows areas of inflammation, which increases its susceptibility to microorganisms.
If pelvic inflammatory disease is suspected, the physician should take a complete history and perform an internal pelvic examination.
Other diseases that can cause pelvic pain, such as appendicitis and endometriosis, should be discarded. If the pelvic examination reveals the presence of pain in this region or pain in the cervix, there is a high probability that it is a pelvic inflammatory disease.
The specific diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease is difficult to make because the upper reproductive organs are difficult to reach for sampling. The doctor can obtain samples directly from the cervix to identify the microorganisms responsible for the infection. Two blood tests help establish the existence of the inflammatory process. A positive C-reactive protein (CRP) and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) indicate the presence of inflammation.
The doctor may obtain fluid from the cavity around the ovaries; this fluid is either examined directly for the presence of bacteria or cultured. The diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease can also be made by laparoscopy; this test is an expensive technique and an invasive procedure that poses some risk to the patient.
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It is important to note that alternative pelvic inflammatory disease therapy should be complementary to antibiotic treatment and help the person fight the disease and alleviate the painful symptoms associated with pelvic inflammatory disease.
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folk remedies
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Remedy #1: Apply warm compresses with Castor oil in the lower abdomen for about 20 minutes. It is recommended to repeat this remedy every day for seven days.
Remedy for pelvic inflammatory disease #2: Pour 1 tablespoon of echinacea into a cup of water and boil for 5 minutes. Take once a day for a month. Discontinue for another month and retake another 30 days and discontinue. This remedy strengthens the immune system and fights infections.
Remedy for pelvic inflammatory disease #3: Boil a cup of water for 5 minutes and, after that time, remove from heat and pour 1 tablespoon of Goldenseal. Take a cup a day. This remedy also helps strengthen the immune system.
Remedy for pelvic inflammatory disease #4: Pour 1 tablespoon of calendula into a cup of boiling water. Cover and let cool. Take a cup daily. This plant has an action anti-inflammatory.
Remedy for pelvic inflammatory disease #5: use remedies homeopathic as Apis mellifica, Arsenicum album, BelladonnaMagnesia phosphorica and Mercurius vivus.
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Remedy for pelvic inflammatory disease #6: Consume foods rich in vitamin C such as citrus fruits, kiwi, etc., preferably in freshly made natural juices. These, like the anti-aging remedies, boost immune function and help the body better fight infection.
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recommendations
Lay on bed. Patients should rest and reduce physical activity to help the body to recover faster.
Avoid sexual activity. Both the patient and her partner should be treated for pelvic inflammatory disease. They should also avoid sexual activity until their infections are completely eradicated.
Go to acupressure sessions (apply pressure to specific points) increases blood flow in pelvic inflammatory disease, reduces pain and promotes general health.
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