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Only in the solid state do the molecules of a substance maintain an ordered structure. The liquid crystal, however, is an organic substance that flows like a liquid, but presents, like crystals, partial alignment of its molecules. Their molecular bonds are weak and therefore easily affected by electric fields. When subjected to an electric current, the transparent liquid crystal becomes opaque. Basically, a liquid crystal display – or LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) – is a sandwich of thin slices of transparent glass, filled with crystal, hermetically closed. A transparent metallic layer, with tiny electrodes, supplies energy, illuminating the desired parts. Used in various electronic devices, liquid crystal was discovered in the United States in 1971, but its composition is still an industrial secret.
Liquid molecules are trapped and illuminated between layers of glass
In the monitor, the liquid crystal is trapped between plastic layers that order the crystal molecules, layers of transparent metal oxide, thinner glass slides and a polarizer, to improve the visibility of the signals.
2. When stimulated by electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules, originally transparent, become opaque