ttps:////»https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd»>
In 1924, the French physicist Louis de Broglie (1892-1987), Nobel Prize in 1929, demonstrated that a beam of electrons could describe a wave motion, like light, but with a shorter wavelength, allowing much better magnifications. The electronic microscope, created in 1933, uses this resource: an electron beam, emitted by a tungsten filament, passes through an electromagnetic field that, imitating the lens of an optical device, concentrates it on the object of study. This can only be analyzed inside a vacuum chamber, so that the electrons do not suffer deviations by contact with the molecules existing in the air. After crossing the object, the electrons pass through other electromagnetic fields, which amplify and project the contrasted image onto a fluorescent screen.
The contrast occurs because denser areas of the sample hold more electrons and appear darker on the computer screen. The image is adjusted by varying the intensity of the current that generates the electromagnetic fields, producing magnifications of up to a million times.
Sophisticated equipment allows magnifications of up to a million times
1. An electron beam is concentrated by means of electromagnetic fields on the sample to be observed
2. The electrons that were not deflected when passing through the sample are projected onto a screen, which amplifies and sends these signals to a computer
3. The computer receives these signals consisting of electrical pulses and converts them into the enlarged sample image