In general, back-end refers to the final state of a process. Contrast with front-end, which refers to the initial state of a process.
The general idea is that the front-end is responsible for collecting input from users, and processing it in such a way that it meets the specifications so that the back-end can use it. The connection between front-end and back-end is a kind of interface.
Back-end takes on a more special meaning in certain contexts.
Front-end and back-end in the context of a web server that can, for example, serve a website
Front-end and back-end in different contexts
* In web design, the front-end refers to what the user sees when browsing, while the back-end is all the processing and programs that the user does not see, which are mostly done on the web server.
* In software design, front-end is the part of a software system with which a user interacts directly (the user interface); while back-end comprises the components that process the output of the front-end. The separation of software systems into «front-end» and «back-end» is an abstraction that serves to keep the different parts of a system separate.
* Some methods of interaction with computers can be classified as front-end or back-end. For example, a graphical file manager (such as Windows Explorer) can be viewed as a front-end to the computer’s file system.
At the operating system level, the concept of graphical user interface (GUI) can be seen as a front-end of the system (for general users), while the command line (command interface) is technical enough to be used. considered backend.
This also applies to software packages, which have both a graphical interface (front-end) and command-line scripts (back-end).
* In compilers, the front-end translates the source code into an intermediate representation, and the back-end works with the internal representation to produce code in a machine language. The back-end generally optimizes to produce code that runs fast.
* In speech synthesizers, the front-end refers to the part of the synthesizer system that converts text input into a phonetic symbol representation, and the back-end converts phonetic symbols into sounds.
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