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Foam is nothing more than a bunch of bubbles – that is, its main ingredient is air. It turns out that it is always easier to form bubbles in a liquid that has a large amount of dissolved organic compounds – the result of biochemical processes such as respiration, fermentation or photosynthesis. “In this sense, marine water is a very rich broth, due to the enormous presence of microscopic animal and plant species that make up the plankton”, says oceanographer Walkyria Lara, from USP. Some rivers also have a lot of organic material in their waters, to the point of eventually forming foam, especially in places where there are many rocks, rapids or waterfalls. But sea water still has the advantage of being constantly agitated by wave motion.