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Fog is formed by the suspension of tiny droplets of water in a layer of air close to the ground. That is, the fog is nothing more than a cloud in contact with the ground. This phenomenon, also known as fog, is more common in cold, humid and high places and occurs due to the drop in temperature and the consequent condensation of water vapor on the ground. Condensation, also called liquefaction, is the transformation of water from a gaseous state (vapor) to a liquid when subjected to cooling. The process is similar to what happens in cars in the cold, when the temperature inside the car is higher than outside. The glass, in contact with the external cold, remains cold. When the vapor suspended inside comes into contact with the windshield, it condenses and fogs up the glass. Sometimes, the fog is so strong that even airports have to be closed, but that depends on the landing and takeoff aids that each airport has. See below the most common situations that give rise to fog.
Fog is the result of a combination of water vapor and a drop in temperature.
On the hill
1. Water evaporated from the sea, rivers or lakes turns into steam and, being lighter than air, is carried by air masses to the higher layers of the atmosphere
2. If there is a mountain range or nearby mountains, the water vapor undergoes a condensation process, with the cooling caused by the altitude, forming the fog
In rivers and lakes
1. During the day, the heat causes the water in the springs to evaporate, with part of the vapor remaining close to the surface
2. When night falls – or when the region is hit by a cold front -, the temperature drops, the water vapor cools and condenses, causing fog
Mist, haze or fog?
Not even meteorologists understand what one thing is or the other. According to André Madeira, a meteorologist at the company Climatempo, in São Paulo, neblina is the colloquial term for fog. The difference between fog and fog is in the intensity of the phenomenon. If the horizontal visibility on the ground is less than 1 kilometer – that is, when the haze is denser – we call it haze or fog. When visibility is greater than 1 kilometer, we are facing a fog