PENITENTS
Found in high altitude regions, such as the Andes Mountains, these ice and snow needles can reach 4 m in height. They happen when the sun hits flat snow and some random spots sublimate (go from solid to gaseous state). These points become depressions that concentrate sunlight, melting and allowing the rise of pinnacles in other parts.
PARELLIUM
Two conditions are essential for the existence of these bright spots: the presence of ice crystals in the air and the Sun close to the horizon. The optical phenomenon is the result of reflection and refraction of sunlight by ice in suspension. Usually, two sun dogs are formed simultaneously, one on each side of the Sun. This makes them known in English as sun dogs – or “dogs of the Sun”, because they are always chasing the star king
FIRE TURBILLION
This frightening swirl of flames is a sporadic phenomenon that appears in fields, woods and forests ravaged by fires. It is generated when strong winds create an upward spiral of air at the location that sucks in flames, resulting in a swirling flammable tongue similar to a fire tornado. These eddies have already been spotted in several places around the world, including Brazil.
FROSTS OF FROST
Similar to flower petals, these ice formations appear in the early morning, when the temperature reaches zero degrees or a little less. On these occasions, the sap of the plants expands, creating small cracks in the stem. The water that runs through it freezes in thin layers, which are naturally pushed out, creating thin ice petals. With the sunrise, the heat melts the formations
MORNING GLORY CLOUDS
These curious cloud rolls can reach 1,000 km in length and spread over 2 km in width. They appear close to the ground early in the day when the temperature is still low. It is also necessary that the humidity is high and there is a clash of air currents in opposite directions. Common during spring over the city of Burketown, in northern Australia, the phenomenon dissipates with the heat of the sun
VOLCANIC LIGHTNING
Scientists are still not completely clear on the causes of this meteorological phenomenon, but they believe that the rays and colored lights that appear in the crater of an active volcano are the result of the reaction of positive electrical charges generated by the eruption with negative charges present in the atmosphere. These beautiful lights have already been spotted on volcanoes in Chile, Iceland and Japan. Watch a video at bit.ly/relampagovulc
SUPERCELL CLOUDS
These gigantic storm clouds, which resemble a nuclear mushroom, are formed by a vortex of rising air blowing into them. Destructive, they cause heavy rain, with lightning and wind, and can generate tornadoes. They are most common in the central US, in the plains of Uruguay and Argentina and in southern Brazil, although they can form anywhere on the globe.
SNOW RINGS
The first condition for these donuts to exist is that snow has fallen on a layer of ice. Then, if there is a wind that is not too weak (to be able to move the snowflakes) nor too strong (to not scatter them), the snow can roll down the mountain, forming a cylindrical roll. As the portion of snow in the center is more fragile, it detaches from the structure
FIRE RAINBOW
Scientifically called an iridescent cloud, the optical phenomenon of fire rainbows occurs when the sun’s rays fall on small drops of water and ice crystals that make up the cloud. At that moment, the light undergoes refraction, dividing into several colors. The phenomenon happens at the edge of the cloud, which needs to be located in the direction of the Sun.
BASALT COLUMNS
Known as the «Giant’s Causeway», these mysterious polygonal pillars are the result of the rapid cooling of a lava lake about 60 million years ago. The cooling caused the magma to contract, followed by a regular pattern of fissures – similar to the well-known process where mud dries and creates geometric patterns. Some of these 40,000 columns, located in the north of Ireland, reach a height of 12 m
WATERSPOUT
If one day you are sailing and see a phenomenon like this, run away. Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over a liquid surface, capture moisture and travel at about 80 km/h. They usually arise from storm clouds above the sea, but can occur over mighty rivers such as the Amazon or in the Great Lakes of North America.
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SOURCES Websites Cracked, Matador Network, High Mountain, Epoch Times It is hype science